Resources
(Nappy Studios/nappy.co)
The following resources provide comprehensive overviews of Medicaid reimbursement for doulas in the U.S.
Advancing Birth Justice: Community-Based Doula Models as a Standard of Care for Ending Racial Disparities
Authors: Asteir Bey, Aimee Brill, Chanel Porchia-Albert, Melissa Gradilla, and Nan Strauss
Associated organizations: Ancient Song Doula Services, Village Birth International, and Every Mother Counts
Doula Medicaid Project
Associated organization: National Health Law Program
HealthConnect One Issue Brief: Creating Policy for Equitable Doula Access
Associated organization: HealthConnect One
Overview of Medicaid reimbursement in Washington state:
The Doula Option: An Opportunity to Improve Birth Outcomes in Washington State
Authors: Cate Sturtevant and Molly Firth
Associated organization: Center for Health Innovation and Policy Science at the University of Washington
References
1 Hoyert, D.L., Miniño, A.M. (2020). Maternal Mortality in the United States: Changes in Coding, Publication, and Data Release, 2018. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr69/nvsr69_02-508.pdf
2 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Pregnancy-Related Deaths — United States, 2007–2016. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/maternal-mortality/disparities-pregnancy-related-deaths/Infographic-disparities-pregnancy-related-deaths-h.pdf
3 Fingar, K.R., Hambrick, M.M., Heslin, K.C., & Moore, J.E. (2018). Trends and Disparities in Delivery Hospitalizations Involving Severe Maternal Morbidity, 2006–2015. Retrieved from https://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/reports/statbriefs/sb243-Severe-Maternal-Morbidity-Delivery-Trends-Disparities.pdf
4 Martin, J. A., Hamilton, B. E., Osterman, M. J. K., & Driscoll, A. K. (2019). Births: Final Data for 2018. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/index.htm
5 DONA International. What is a doula? (2020). Retrieved April 1, 2020, from https://www.dona.org/what-is-a-doula/
6 Sturtevant, S., Firth, M. (2019). The Doula Option: An Opportunity to Improve Birth Outcomes in Washington State. Retrieved from https://depts.washington.edu/uwchips/docs/brief-doula-option.pdf
7 Morton, C. H. (2002). Doula care: The (re) -emergence of woman -supported childbirth in the united states (Order No. 3059588). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (304802186). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/304802186?accountid=14784
8 Bohren, M.A., Hofmeyr, G.J., Sakala, C., Fukuzawa, R.K., & Cuthbert, A. (2017). Continuous support for women during childbirth. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 7(7), CD003766. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003766.pub6
9Gruber, K. J., Cupito, S. H., & Dobson, C. F. (2013). Impact of doulas on healthy birth outcomes. The Journal of perinatal education, 22(1), 49–58. https://doi.org/10.1891/1058-1243.22.1.49
10 Thomas, M., Ammann, G., Brazier, E., Noyes, P., and Maybank, A. (2017). Doula Services Within a Healthy Start Program: Increasing Access for an Underserved Population. Matern Child Health J, 21, 59–64. https://doi-org.offcampus.lib.washington.edu/10.1007/s10995-017-2402-0
11 Kozhimannil, K.B., Hardeman, R.R., Attanasio, L.B., Blauer-Peterson, C., & O’Brien, M. (2013). Doula care, birth outcomes, and costs among Medicaid beneficiaries. American journal of public health, 103(4), e113–e121. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.301201
12 Kozhimannil, K. B., & Hardeman, R. R. (2016). Coverage for Doula Services: How State Medicaid Programs Can Address Concerns about Maternity Care Costs and Quality. Birth (Berkeley, Calif.), 43(2), 97–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/birt.12213
13 General Assembly of the State of New Jersey. (2019). Chapter 85: P.L.-19, c. 85. Retrieved April 2, 2020, from https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/2018/Bills/PL19/85_.PDF
14 Indiana General Assembly. (2019). P.L.35-2019. Retrieved April 2, 2020, from http://iga.in.gov/legislative/laws/acts/
15 Everson, C., Crane, C., & Nolan, R. (2018). Advancing Health Equity for Childbearing Families in Oregon: Results of a Statewide Doula Workforce Needs Assessment. Estacada, OR: Oregon Doula Association.
16 National Health Law Program. (2018). Routes to Success for Medicaid Coverage of Doula Care. Retrieved February 20, 2020, from https://healthlaw.org/resource/routes-to-success-for-medicaid-coverage-of-doula-care/
17 Kozhimannil, K.B., Vogelsang, C.A., Hardeman, R.R. (2015, July). Medicaid Coverage of Doula Services in Minnesota: Preliminary findings from the first year. Retrieved March 10, 2020, from https://static1.squarespace.com/static/577d7562ff7c5018d6ea200a/t/5840c791cd0f683f8477920a/1480640403710/FullReport.pdf
18 Inslee, J. (2018). Proposed 2019-2021 Budget & Policy Highlights. Retrieved June 10, 2019 from https://ofm.wa.gov/sites/default/files/public/budget/statebudget/highlights/budget19/201921-Budget-and-Policy-Highlights.pdf
19 Engrossed Substitute Senate Bill 6168. Retrieved June 29, 2020, from http://leap.leg.wa.gov/leap/Budget/Detail/2020/6168-S.SL.pdf